Articles by S Shukla

S Shukla Education for Development in Asia by Jandhyala B G Tilak; Sage Publications, New Delhi. 1994; pp 245, Rs 275 (cloth).
Learning from Conflict: Tracts for the Times, by Krishna Kumar, Orient Longmans, New Delhi, 1996; pp xiv + 81, Fifth Survey of Research in Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training; Vol I, NCERT, New Delhi, 1997; pp xii + 735. Price unstated.

S Shukla TWO basic issues arising from Andre Beteille's very full obituary tribute to S C Dube (EPW, March 30) should not be allowed to be obscured.

education may be accepted for lower category jobs like peon, etc But all other, jobs, both in government and private sector, require a minimum of graduation and they do carry substantial salaries and other monetary benefits. In other words, higher education helpsindividuals to earn private income/wealth much more than contributing to the general welfare of the society. Under these circumstances, higher education cannot be treated as a social good, ft is a private good and definitely constitutes private wealth/property. If this logic is accepted, then can we ask the state (government) to spend public funds to create private property for individuals to earn income for themselves? This is a crucial issue. Such a policy is economically unwarranted, socially unjust and financially disastrous to the governments. It does not serve any justifiable social purpose like redistributing income from rich to the poor. On the contrary, it may redistribute income from the poor (who also contribute to government revenue) to the rich people who would benefit more.

stitution (Amendment) Bill which would provide for the incorporation of some new articles covering the status and the role of the Prasar Bharati. All these articles may be grouped together under, say, Part XVA, and the articles may be numbered as 329B, 329C and so on. It appears that unless the left parties

and comparative advantages suggests widely divergent experiences among countries at different levels of development. The interests of newly industrialising countries such as South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, India, Mexico and Brazil, are distinct not only from those of other members of the LDC-club, but are often unique to the specific country, "Outside the diplomatic conveniences of international agencies and other aid donors", someone has said, "there is a real sense in which the Third World no longer exist". If one tries to establish common positions among countries with such divergent prospects, the obvious danger is that agreement can be reached only by adding up the various interests to the different categories of countries, a practice which results in long 'shopping lists' and makes negotiations very difficult to manage.