ISSN (Print) - 0012-9976 | ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

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Should States Target a 3% Fiscal Deficit?

India’s current fiscal rules target a 3% fiscal deficit for the central and state governments. Though states have largely adhered to their borrowing ceilings, subnational debt is proliferating. A significant reduction in subnational borrowing is required to stabilise the states’ debt around the desired level of 20% of gross domestic product. Symmetry should not be forced on central and state borrowing flows, given their widely divergent levels of debt stocks.

The Public Education System and What the Costs Imply

There are basic methodological and conceptual problems with recent research that ends up arguing that private school education is more effective than public education. Such findings have obvious policy implications but it is critical that research that informs policy is based on a correct reading of facts, keeping the larger vision of education in mind.

Debating the Thirteenth Finance Commission

Two comments and two responses on two of the papers published in the special issue of the recommendations of the Thirteenth Finance Commission (27 November 2010). (This discussion could be read alongside that published on 26 March 2011.)

Security Expenditure in Third World

not give women space in decision-making process.
The inclusion of the last two essays makes one wonder why this collection did not include an evaluation of women in established left movements. Such an evaluation would have replicated the conclusions drawn above or put forward by those who had written essays on the far left movement. The anti- price rise movement may be included in this category for the association to its women leaders to the socialist and the left parties and has, as Nandita Gandhi puts it, a combination of Gandhian and Leninist ideological framework. This movement had however a one-issue orientation, that of price rise and did not incorporate other aspects regarding women's oppression. But its significance was that it gave confidence to women to enter politics and helped forge bonds with women outside the immediate caste and neighbourhood networks.

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